Crafts in Serb-populated areas
Up to the second World War, craftwork was one of the most developed and widespread industries which helped most of the rural and urban population to satisfy their needs of different products. All home appliances, kitchen utensils and furniture were produced by peasants or village workmen - craftsmen. Apart from the usual ones like potters, tailors, garmentmakers, shoemakers, blacksmiths, tradesmen, coopers, carte makers, furriers and goldsmiths, there were some other crafts characteristic of certain geographic areas or the environment (town - village). For example: rosin collectors, gold panners, clog makers, mat makers, dyers, soap makers, cloak makers, comb makers, stonemasons, chibouk makers, pipe makers, saddlers, tinkers...
Pottery was present almost in every Serb-populated area. One of the main characteristics of pottery is that practically all of its techniques have survived up to the present day: without a potter's wheel, on hand-operated and foot-operated wheels. Depending on the area, there were some minor differences in the way clayware was made and decorated , usually on the hand-operated wheel, which was low, so that the potter had to sit on the ground or on a low chair.
The wheel consisted of a base and a round turntable. First, the potter used a piece of clay to make the bottom and the base of the pot and then drew up and shaped the walls using additional balls of clay. When dry, pots were usually fired in open flame, and, after that, tempered by immersing them in or sprinkling with the mixture of flour and water, in order to make them stronger and more resilient. All kinds of kitchen utensils used for roasting, cooking and food storage were made of clay: casseroles, pots, pitchers, bowls etc... Clay was also used to make containers necessary for carrying and keeping liquids (pitchers, ewers, jugs, glasses) as well as objects used in religious rituals: bowls, candle-sticks, censers... People sometimes made clay casseroles and lids on their own, by hand, without a potter's wheel. This kind of pottery was known as "women's pottery".
The wheel consisted of a base and a round turntable. First, the potter used a piece of clay to make the bottom and the base of the pot and then drew up and shaped the walls using additional balls of clay. When dry, pots were usually fired in open flame, and, after that, tempered by immersing them in or sprinkling with the mixture of flour and water, in order to make them stronger and more resilient. All kinds of kitchen utensils used for roasting, cooking and food storage were made of clay: casseroles, pots, pitchers, bowls etc... Clay was also used to make containers necessary for carrying and keeping liquids (pitchers, ewers, jugs, glasses) as well as objects used in religious rituals: bowls, candle-sticks, censers... People sometimes made clay casseroles and lids on their own, by hand, without a potter's wheel. This kind of pottery was known as "women's pottery".
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